Testing three types of hot peppers that are widely used in Mexico, found that capsaicin levels reached a peak at day 45-50, from fruit set, in habanero and de arbol and after 40 days in piquin. This was followed by a sharp decrease and then a more gradual decrease until day 80. The two main capsaicinoids, including capsaicin, increased until day 40 (after fruit set) in cayenne peppers. Testing of serrano peppers found no change in capsaicin during ripening of the green, yellow and red stages. If you wait for those green jalapeños to turn red, you will have a much spicier pepper. The longer it is left on the vine, the hotter it gets. The claim is that pepper fruit accumulates more capsaicin as it ages. Any collected seed from a cross like this will have properties somewhere between the parents.Ĭross pollination will never cause hot peppers to be less hot or more hot. Secondly, even if the flower is cross pollinated, the fruit will have the characteristics of the mother plant, not those of the father plant. It rarely uses pollen from another plant. This seems very logical, but it’s wrong.įirst of all, peppers are mostly self-pollinating which means a flower pollinates itself. If you grow sweet and hot peppers together the sweet peppers can pollinate the hot peppers, resulting in fruit that is less hot. Avoid Cross Pollination with Sweet Peppers However, there is no indication that sulfur makes peppers hotter. Peppers like a slightly acidic soil with a pH of 6 to 6.8 and adding sulfur to alkaline soil can reduce the pH. A match will have no effect.Īll plants need some sulfur and if the soil is depleted, adding more will help the plant grow. Besides the amount of sulfur in the head of a match is extremely small, it’s in the bottom of the planting hole, and plant roots will spread 4 feet in all directions. You will notice it does not contain sulfur, so it is unlikely that sulfur plays a significant role in the plants ability to make capsaicin. The chemical formula for capsaicin is C18H27NO3. Sulfur does add an acrid flavor to things like onions, so maybe people associate this with being hot? Or they think a hot match will make peppers hot? Whatever the logic, it’s flawed. Put a strike anywhere match in the planting hole and the sulfur in the head of the match will make peppers hotter. It is believed that sulfur makes peppers hotter. All you can do is use a high nitrogen fertilizer and add extra to hot peppers. A home owner never knows how much nitrogen they have in soil, so it is difficult to manage nitrogen levels. There seem to be few field studies that would translate directly to a garden, but the science indicates stressing plants with low nitrogen is not the best way to grow hotter peppers. Padrón pepper plants produced hotter fruit with higher fertilizer levels. This study, as well as the one above were done using containers in a greenhouse. Fertilizer stress did not increase hotness. Similar tests on jalapeno peppers showed a steady increase in capsaicin as the nitrogen level increased. High nitrogen gives you both hotness and high yield. The high nitrogen level produced hot peppers as well as increased flowering and fruiting. The low end represented a stress condition. Habanero peppers grown at various nitrogen levels showed the highest capsaicin level at very low nitrogen and at high nitrogen. Research in hot climates like Mexico, Spain and Thailand have shown that water stress can increase hotness, but testing in California showed that water stress made them milder. UC Cooperative Extension has been testing ways to make jalapeños hotter. This is normally done just after fruit set and some suggest giving plants a drink only when the leaves start to droop. One common tip is to reduce watering so that the plants are stressed.
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Research has shown that fruit from the second node is hotter than fruit picked from other nodes. I don’t know how accurate the list is, but they certainly list some super hot ones.
This link features the Worlds 10 hottest peppers. There are many types of peppers and some are certainly hotter than others. Let’s have a look at each of these to see what science says.
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